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Review Article
Angola in the Context of Bantu Civilization
Eduardo Ernesto Vicente*
Issue:
Volume 14, Issue 2, April 2026
Pages:
74-78
Received:
16 January 2026
Accepted:
27 January 2026
Published:
4 March 2026
Abstract: This literature review essay explores Angola's insertion into the cultural plurality of Bantu civilization, analysing how migratory dynamics, language, and complex socio-political structures shaped the identity of the present-day nation. The central objective is to understand Angola not as an isolated entity, but as one of the fundamental pillars of Bantu expansion in Southern Africa, highlighting the cultural continuities and kinship systems that, resisting colonial ruptures, still define the daily life and social praxis of this territory. In terms of methodology, this work is based on a qualitative bibliographic review of a descriptive nature with a reflective focus. Works by historians, anthropologists, and linguists were consulted, cross-referencing data from oral tradition with contemporary written records. The approach prioritizes language that oscillates between scientific rigor and the proximity of a reflective essay, avoiding certain ambiguities and technical dualities to allow for an organic reading. It is concluded that Angolan identity is a living expression of Bantu heritage, manifested both in community organization and spirituality. The study reinforces that looking to the territory's pre-colonial past is not a step backward, but a necessary step to lay the foundations for the future of an Angola that recognizes itself in its own history and its deep connection with the African continent.
Abstract: This literature review essay explores Angola's insertion into the cultural plurality of Bantu civilization, analysing how migratory dynamics, language, and complex socio-political structures shaped the identity of the present-day nation. The central objective is to understand Angola not as an isolated entity, but as one of the fundamental pillars o...
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Methodology Article
People’s Power in Post-Modernism - Constitutional Demarchy
Issue:
Volume 14, Issue 2, April 2026
Pages:
79-89
Received:
7 January 2026
Accepted:
27 January 2026
Published:
5 March 2026
Abstract: The fulfilment of the arising expectations amongst the generations of the Twenty-First Century - in terms of social implication and communication - has become the assertion of opinion as a qualitative augmentation of political engagement. This actuality necessitates a methodology of organic networks in a generalized ongoing and permanent access to the decision-making process of a given Society. The task of forming a political superstructure that is a direct reflection of the social collective-consciousness is a challenge that is not met and cannot be met within the obsolete Nation-State paradigm. Initially this paradigm was formulated in 1648 CE, for the purpose of centralizing a unified Germany under the tutelage of the Prussian aristocracy, as the Modern State. The Occidental model of Statecraft is the subject of protestation in terms of the anti-war movements, the Gen Z uprisings seeking policy and political change by way of the street, due to the lack of any other avenue of intervention. Together with the extrapolations made between political life and social issues in terms of individual Identities and minority Identities, there is reason to consider the reformulation of Democracy as Demarchy, to supersede representativity in a direct application, by way of the means and consciousness of current conditions in the here and now. The codification of such principles is feasible through the process of the Constituent Assembly as the initial Council methodology formulating the permanent priorities and conditions which generate a societal consensus for the legitimacy of the Law. In effect the hierarchy of power is put into question as an operational regime. The failure of the modern Nation-State is revealed as non-operational in various dimensions; as lacking the actual collective consciousness in consensus, disregarding the minorities in Civil Society and hoisting a hierarchy of power without the authority of the Public’s will.
Abstract: The fulfilment of the arising expectations amongst the generations of the Twenty-First Century - in terms of social implication and communication - has become the assertion of opinion as a qualitative augmentation of political engagement. This actuality necessitates a methodology of organic networks in a generalized ongoing and permanent access to ...
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Research Article
Islamophobia in Global Media Narratives: A Qur’anic and Prophetic Counter-discourse
Muhammad Saleem Sarwar*
Issue:
Volume 14, Issue 2, April 2026
Pages:
90-96
Received:
18 January 2026
Accepted:
3 March 2026
Published:
16 March 2026
Abstract: Islamophobia has increasingly influenced the representation of Islam and Muslims through securitized narratives, cultural othering, and selective patterns of visibility, particularly within Anglophone Western mainstream media and political–media discourse. This article presents a qualitative and conceptual examination informed by Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) to explore recurring narrative structures that shape Islamophobic portrayals in contemporary media communication. The study analyzes widely recognized media discourse trends to illustrate how particular framing strategies contribute to epistemic injustice, reinforce suspicion, and attribute collective responsibility to Muslim communities. In response, the article proposes a Qur’anic–Prophetic ethical framework as a normative resource for evaluating media narratives and encouraging responsible communication. The framework highlights key ethical principles—including justice, verification of information, respect for human dignity, and moral witnessing—as evaluative standards for assessing media practices. Building on these principles, the study outlines practical mechanisms through which ethical guidance may be integrated into media environments, such as strengthened verification procedures, editorial review processes that assess stereotyping risks, and language guidelines for responsible reporting. While presenting Islamic ethical teachings as a constructive moral perspective for media critique, the article also recognizes the diversity of interpretive approaches within Islamic thought and engages potential concerns about employing religious ethics in public discourse. It demonstrates that many of the proposed principles align with broadly shared normative values such as truthfulness, fairness, and respect for human dignity. By linking critical media analysis with Islamic normative ethics, the article contributes to contemporary discussions on Islamophobia and offers a practical framework for promoting more balanced and accountable public communication.
Abstract: Islamophobia has increasingly influenced the representation of Islam and Muslims through securitized narratives, cultural othering, and selective patterns of visibility, particularly within Anglophone Western mainstream media and political–media discourse. This article presents a qualitative and conceptual examination informed by Critical Discourse...
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Research Article
Inclusive Pedagogy: Toward a Pedagogy of Belonging and Transformation
Emeka Okoli*
Issue:
Volume 14, Issue 2, April 2026
Pages:
97-105
Received:
16 January 2026
Accepted:
27 January 2026
Published:
23 March 2026
Abstract: Inclusive pedagogy is increasingly promoted within higher education as a response to inequity and exclusion, yet it is often framed as a technical or policy-driven intervention focused on access and accommodation. Drawing on decolonial and humanising scholarship, this article challenges such framings by conceptualising inclusive pedagogy as an ethical, political, and ontological praxis concerned with epistemological equity. Using qualitative interview data from historically marginalised psychologists, drawn from a doctoral study employing a Decolonial Constructivist Grounded Theory approach, the article examines how inclusive pedagogy is experienced, contested, and reimagined within Westernised higher education contexts. The findings reveal how pedagogy operates simultaneously as a site of epistemic violence and as a space of relational possibility, shaped by racialised standards of legitimacy, embodied reflexivity, ethical discomfort, and institutional constraint. Inclusive pedagogy is shown to function not as a fixed set of strategies but as an ongoing praxis of becoming, sustained through relational care, critical consciousness, and resistance to Eurocentric knowledge hierarchies. The article contributes to scholarship on inclusive and decolonial pedagogy by advancing epistemological equity as a central analytic lens and by foregrounding lived experience as a critical site for understanding the harms and transformative possibilities of pedagogy in higher education.
Abstract: Inclusive pedagogy is increasingly promoted within higher education as a response to inequity and exclusion, yet it is often framed as a technical or policy-driven intervention focused on access and accommodation. Drawing on decolonial and humanising scholarship, this article challenges such framings by conceptualising inclusive pedagogy as an ethi...
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Research Article
A Lived Experience of and an Intersection of Gay Camarero and Pagsasanto in Aklan: A Gendered Perspective
Charimar Icawalo,
Victoria Gepty*
Issue:
Volume 14, Issue 2, April 2026
Pages:
106-115
Received:
3 February 2026
Accepted:
26 February 2026
Published:
30 March 2026
Abstract: This study explores how gender identity is expressed, negotiated, and formed within the religious role of gay camareros in the Filipino Catholic tradition of pagsasanto— the care and celebration of religious icons. Utilizing a qualitative phenomenological approach, the study examined the lived experiences of five gay camareros who have actively participated in pagsasanto for at least five years. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews, where participants shared their insights on their religious devotion, gender identity, and the intersection of both. The findings reveal that pagsasanto is not only a devotional practice but also a space for self-expression, identity formation, and social inclusion. The participants' gender identity was shaped by factors such as family traditions, religious devotion, and community support, while their gender expression within pagsasanto was manifested in religious devotion, artistic expression, and performativity. Despite facing gender discrimination and subtle policing, the participants navigate traditional gender roles by challenging norms and reconfiguring their roles within the religious context. This study affirms that pagsasanto is a space where queer identities are not only tolerated but are actively produced, affirmed, and sanctified. The participants' religious labor serves as a site of queer spirituality and moral authority, illustrating how queer identity can thrive within traditional Catholic practices.
Abstract: This study explores how gender identity is expressed, negotiated, and formed within the religious role of gay camareros in the Filipino Catholic tradition of pagsasanto— the care and celebration of religious icons. Utilizing a qualitative phenomenological approach, the study examined the lived experiences of five gay camareros who have actively par...
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Research Article
Interactive Memory: Pathes to Preserving Architectural Heritage in the Digital Age
Nathalia Lira Vergeti Peixoto,
Walcler de Lima Mendes Junior,
Juliana Michaello Macêdo Dias*
Issue:
Volume 14, Issue 2, April 2026
Pages:
116-124
Received:
5 February 2026
Accepted:
17 March 2026
Published:
31 March 2026
Abstract: This paper presents how new technologies based on digital recreations can contribute to the preservation of architectural heritage, considering the role of three-dimensional technologies, immersive environments, and AI, proposed as tools for cultural safeguarding and dissemination. Qualitative and exploratory in nature, the study is based on bibliographic and documentary research on preservation, memory and virtuality, emphasizing potential benefits and risks related to each technology and their converging use in the field of built heritage preservation. Results indicate that the virtual does not oppose the real but extends it, functioning as a complementary language of experience and heritage mediation, as well as a tool for preserving the physical buildings themselves. Digital reconstructions and immersive experiences can enhance public access, enable remote engagement, and facilitate participatory memory-making, while AI-driven analysis assists in condition assessment, predictive maintenance, and large-scale archival organization. Thus, the convergence between digital tools and the possibility of expanding the preservation of buildings and the memories linked to them presents a special potential for the future of urban memory. In making this statement, the article understands that digital architecture can re-signify collective memory, broadening access, awareness, and engagement, by treating preservation as a hybrid process between materiality and imagination. The study also highlights ethical and epistemological challenges, such as authenticity, representation biases, data permanence, and the potential for commodification. The article concludes with recommendations for interdisciplinary frameworks, community involvement, and critical design practices to responsibly integrate digital technologies into heritage stewardship.
Abstract: This paper presents how new technologies based on digital recreations can contribute to the preservation of architectural heritage, considering the role of three-dimensional technologies, immersive environments, and AI, proposed as tools for cultural safeguarding and dissemination. Qualitative and exploratory in nature, the study is based on biblio...
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Research Article
Comparative Analysis of Compositions for Virtual Singers and Human Singers
Zeyun Chen*
Issue:
Volume 14, Issue 2, April 2026
Pages:
125-130
Received:
17 February 2026
Accepted:
10 March 2026
Published:
31 March 2026
Abstract: This article discusses the similarities and differences between traditional vocal works and virtual singer works. It introduces the vocal characteristics of virtual singers, explores the differences between their performances and those of real singers, and analyzes the considerations that composers have for harmony and texture design when composing for virtual singers and real vocals, such as the way in which traditional functional harmonies and modern twelve-tone sequences are harmonic, and what the differences are, It also discusses the differences in the expression of various harmonic techniques in song composition when applied to the two types of vocal music,and composers' ideas for using different harmonies for different groups when composing. This article focuses on virtual singers Kafu and Hatsune Miku, as well as some representative musical works sounded by the two virtual singers. Several artist songs written for real vocal singers will also be analyzed comparatively, such as the Mass, Rossini's opera, and the vocal parts of Boulez's Ownerless Mallet. The impact of different vocal characteristics on the uniqueness of musical works, along with the technical differences and similarities between compositions for virtual and real singers, will be discussed. At the same time, this article provides theoretical references and compositional inspirations for the composition of virtual voices and the study of contemporary vocal music art.
Abstract: This article discusses the similarities and differences between traditional vocal works and virtual singer works. It introduces the vocal characteristics of virtual singers, explores the differences between their performances and those of real singers, and analyzes the considerations that composers have for harmony and texture design when composing...
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Research Article
The Impact of AI-based Smart Robot Education on the Sociality of Preschool Children Mediated by Creative Problem-solving and Linguistic Expression
Issue:
Volume 14, Issue 2, April 2026
Pages:
131-140
Received:
25 February 2026
Accepted:
13 March 2026
Published:
31 March 2026
Abstract: This research investigates the educational effectiveness of a smart robot program integrated with Artificial Intelligence (AI) on the sociality of preschool children, particularly focusing on the mediating roles of creative problem-solving and linguistic expression. As the Fourth Industrial Revolution reshapes the educational landscape, AI-driven media have emerged as a ‘Social catalyst’ that significantly accelerates early childhood development. This study employed a quantitative experimental design involving a large-scale sample of 300 preschool children (150 boys and 150 girls) aged 5 to 6 years from various kindergartens in Sejong City. The participants were divided into an experimental group (n=150) that engaged in a 12-week AI-based smart robot program and a control group (n=150) that followed a traditional curriculum. Data were collected through the Social Skills Rating System (SSRS), Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking (TTCT), and standardized linguistic assessments. The results demonstrate that the AI voice-interactive robot program significantly augmented children's sociality scores across all sub-factors. Notably, mediation analysis confirmed that linguistic expression acted as a more potent mediator (b =.45, p <.001) compared to creative problem-solving (b =.38, p <.01), identifying vocal interaction as the primary driver of social development. Statistical analysis further revealed that these variables partially mediated the relationship between AI interaction and sociality. Furthermore, while both genders showed significant improvement, girls demonstrated higher engagement in emotional rapport via voice interaction, whereas boys exhibited greater gains in task-oriented problem-solving. This study concludes that pedagogically sound AI voice-interactive tools are effective for fostering social development in young learners. These findings provide practical implications for educators and media content developers to design immersive and interactive AI educational environments.
Abstract: This research investigates the educational effectiveness of a smart robot program integrated with Artificial Intelligence (AI) on the sociality of preschool children, particularly focusing on the mediating roles of creative problem-solving and linguistic expression. As the Fourth Industrial Revolution reshapes the educational landscape, AI-driven m...
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Research Article
Artificial Intelligence in Public Procurement Risk Management: An Implementation Analysis Under Peru's Law 32069
Juan Carlos Rodríguez Luna*
Issue:
Volume 14, Issue 2, April 2026
Pages:
141-149
Received:
5 January 2026
Accepted:
26 March 2026
Published:
13 April 2026
Abstract: The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in public procurement processes represents a transformative opportunity for enhancing transparency, efficiency, and risk management in government contracting systems. This research examines the implementation of AI-based risk management frameworks within the context of Peru's new General Public Procurement Law 32069, which became effective in April 2025 and mandates comprehensive risk identification and mitigation strategies throughout the procurement cycle. Through a mixed-methods approach combining quantitative analysis of 2,847 procurement processes from Peruvian public entities and qualitative assessment of AI implementation experiences across three pilot institutions, this study evaluates the effectiveness, challenges, and opportunities of deploying machine learning algorithms for predictive risk analytics in public procurement. The findings reveal that AI-powered systems achieved 78.3% accuracy in predicting procurement risks related to delays, cost overruns, and compliance violations, representing a 45% improvement over traditional manual risk assessment methods. However, implementation barriers including data quality issues, limited technical capacity, and resistance to technological change significantly impact adoption rates. This research contributes to the emerging field of digital transformation in public administration by providing empirical evidence on AI applications in governmental processes and offering practical recommendations for policymakers, procurement officials, and technology developers working to modernize public sector operations in developing economies.
Abstract: The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in public procurement processes represents a transformative opportunity for enhancing transparency, efficiency, and risk management in government contracting systems. This research examines the implementation of AI-based risk management frameworks within the context of Peru's new General Public Procur...
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Research Article
The Uncanny Imitation: Why Artificial Intelligence Cannot Replicate the Human Core of Protest Music
Mark Howard Levine*
Issue:
Volume 14, Issue 2, April 2026
Pages:
150-153
Received:
8 March 2026
Accepted:
10 April 2026
Published:
21 April 2026
Abstract: Artificial Intelligence is no longer a subject of science fiction. It is being used in many fields to perform an infinite number of tasks. Some even use AI to create music. This paper examines the fundamental inability of artificial intelligence systems to produce authentic protest music, building on critical discussions of human subjectivity, cultural memory, and political expression in vernacular and popular music. Drawing on the work of R. Serge Denisoff and Mark H. Levine, alongside scholarship in the sociology of music and cultural theory, in addition to the author’s personal experience as a songwriter, this argument demonstrates that protest music depends on irreducibly human qualities: lived experience, moral consciousness, historical embeddedness, collective empathy, and intentional political resistance. While AI music generation tools can mimic formal and stylistic elements of protest songs—lyrical patterns, chord progressions, vocal tone, and thematic vocabulary—they cannot replicate the subjective, emotional, and social foundations that give such music meaning and transformative power. By analyzing representative protest songs across the twentieth and twenty first centuries, this paper shows how authentic protest music – human-made music -- emerges from specific historical struggles. Meanwhile AI-composed music remains a decontextualized, apolitical hollow or “uncanny imitation” This study argues that human subjectivity is not an incidental feature of political music; it is its very condition of possibility.
Abstract: Artificial Intelligence is no longer a subject of science fiction. It is being used in many fields to perform an infinite number of tasks. Some even use AI to create music. This paper examines the fundamental inability of artificial intelligence systems to produce authentic protest music, building on critical discussions of human subjectivity, cult...
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Research Article
The Formation and Development of Ancient Sanskrit and Hiragana from a Cultural History Perspective
Issue:
Volume 14, Issue 2, April 2026
Pages:
154-160
Received:
19 March 2026
Accepted:
9 April 2026
Published:
21 April 2026
Abstract: This study examines the formation and development of Sanskrit and Hiragana in ancient times through a historical-cultural lens, clarifying the dialectical relationship between writing systems and social practices and power structures, aiming to fill an academic gap in a comprehensive approach to these two writing systems. Applying the ideological writing model, combined with the power and language theories of Michel Foucault and Saussure, to analyze writing as a cultural institution linked to a specific historical context, the study highlights the contrasts and similarities in the social roles of the two writing systems: Sanskrit developed from the oral Vedic tradition into a "sacred" language system, standardized to maintain the intellectual and ritual power of the Brahmin class, serving as a tool of orthodox religion. Conversely, Hiragana is a product of localization linked to a feminine semiotic space. If Sanskrit represented the standardization and power of masculinity, then Hiragana represented the expression of emotions, private life, and resistance against the dominance of Chinese writing, thereby affirming indigenous cultural identity. In short, the evolution of these two writing systems is vivid evidence that writing is both a tool for communication and a means of constructing and maintaining social order.
Abstract: This study examines the formation and development of Sanskrit and Hiragana in ancient times through a historical-cultural lens, clarifying the dialectical relationship between writing systems and social practices and power structures, aiming to fill an academic gap in a comprehensive approach to these two writing systems. Applying the ideological w...
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Research Article
From Instrument to Structure: The Algorithm as a Structural Actor in the Digital Field
Fatemeh Nouri Dehnavi*
Issue:
Volume 14, Issue 2, April 2026
Pages:
161-170
Received:
19 March 2026
Accepted:
21 April 2026
Published:
30 April 2026
DOI:
10.11648/j.hss.20261402.22
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Abstract: Billions of users interact with social platforms daily, but what each user sees, what content is displayed to them, and who is seen is not the product of free choice, but rather the result of algorithmic mechanisms that distribute power in these spaces. A development that has made the algorithm a central element in organizing the flow of information and the distribution of symbolic capital. The existing literature has mainly examined this phenomenon from two perspectives: the tool-oriented approach, which considers the algorithm as a technical and neutral mechanism, and the autonomous actor approach, which, inspired by Latour's actor-network theory, considers the algorithm as a counterpart agent to the human actor. This article argues that both approaches suffer from serious theoretical blind spots: the former ignores power structures, and the latter risks anthropomorphizing technology by equating human and non-human agency. Drawing on Bourdieu’s theory of the field, this research analyzes social platforms as digital fields in which actors compete for access to symbolic capital, namely visibility, attention, and prestige. This analysis shows that algorithms regulate the distribution of this capital through three mechanisms: ranking, recommendation, and visibility management. Accordingly, the article proposes the concept of the “structural actor,” a mechanism that is neither autonomous nor neutral, but rather operates within the logic of the field and participates in the reproduction of power relations. This concept adds a theoretical contribution to the literature on platform studies, shifting the central question from “What did the designers intend?” to “What logic does the digital field reproduce through algorithms?”.
Abstract: Billions of users interact with social platforms daily, but what each user sees, what content is displayed to them, and who is seen is not the product of free choice, but rather the result of algorithmic mechanisms that distribute power in these spaces. A development that has made the algorithm a central element in organizing the flow of informatio...
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Research Article
A Study on Language Practices and Identity Construction Among Youth in the China-Myanmar Borderland Under New Media Context
Yuanyuan Zhang*
Issue:
Volume 14, Issue 2, April 2026
Pages:
171-178
Received:
24 March 2026
Accepted:
20 April 2026
Published:
30 April 2026
DOI:
10.11648/j.hss.20261402.23
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Abstract: Against the backdrop of globalization and digitalization, the China-Myanmar border emerges as a distinctive site for cross-cultural integration. Ethnic language practices in this region not only serve as a vehicle for cultural inheritance but also facilitate the construction of cross-border identities. Ruili, the locality under investigation, lies on the China-Myanmar border and has been subject to frequent cross-border interactions, exhibits both universal trends in ethnic language development across border regions and unique characteristics shaped by such transnational dynamics. The language practices of Dai youth in Ruili thus provide a typical case for exploring the interplay between ethnic language ecology and identity construction in the new media era. Focusing on Dai youth aged 18 to 35 in Ruili, this study adopts a digital ethnographic approach. Through online participant observation, semi-structured interviews and new media textual analysis, it systematically portrays the patterns of language practices employed by this group in the new media environment, analyzes the construction and expression of their multiple identities, and explores the interactive mechanism between language practices and identity. Findings indicate that the informants’ language practices bear clear connections with the construction of identity, which is characterized by the integration of ethnicity, borderland, nationhood and cross-border culture. It further illustrates the mutually shaping relationship in which language practices construct identity, while identity in turn guides language practices. By clarifying this interactive mechanism, this study seeks to offer typical cases and empirical support for the protection of ethnic language ecology and the innovation of cultural inheritance in border regions.
Abstract: Against the backdrop of globalization and digitalization, the China-Myanmar border emerges as a distinctive site for cross-cultural integration. Ethnic language practices in this region not only serve as a vehicle for cultural inheritance but also facilitate the construction of cross-border identities. Ruili, the locality under investigation, lies ...
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Research Article
Drama and the Challenges of Artificial Intelligence in Africa
Drissa Sanogo*
Issue:
Volume 14, Issue 2, April 2026
Pages:
179-185
Received:
23 March 2026
Accepted:
20 April 2026
Published:
30 April 2026
DOI:
10.11648/j.hss.20261402.24
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Abstract: Drama is a living art form and a literary work devoted to the performance of plots by actors for an audience. Consequently, the use of algorithms by the artist to facilitate their production or enrich the representation raises ethical issues. This study, which focuses on African drama, examines the challenges of using artificial intelligence (AI) in this art form, which is deeply rooted in human emotion. The hypothesis underlying this reflection is that AI, as a product of scientific and societal development, is becoming indispensable to drama specialists, who must embrace it for the survival of their art. Based on sociological criticism and dramatic semiology, the research has provided convincing results. Indeed, this technology, which enables computers to perform tasks traditionally associated with humans, has emerged as both a working tool and a creative instrument accessible to the African practitioners: playwright, actor, and stage director. Moreover, its use, which multiplies the artist’s capabilities, is revolutionizing African drama. Transformed, optimized by AI, drama, living art and co-presence, reconfigures its conditions of creation, production and reception, while remaining a human, collective and incarnated experience. This hybridization is part of the continuity of African drama, which responds to the demands of scientific and societal development.
Abstract: Drama is a living art form and a literary work devoted to the performance of plots by actors for an audience. Consequently, the use of algorithms by the artist to facilitate their production or enrich the representation raises ethical issues. This study, which focuses on African drama, examines the challenges of using artificial intelligence (AI) i...
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Research Article
Research on Practical Paths for AI-enabled Cultural Heritage Conservation in Local Museums
Tong Ma*
Issue:
Volume 14, Issue 2, April 2026
Pages:
186-193
Received:
24 March 2026
Accepted:
20 April 2026
Published:
30 April 2026
DOI:
10.11648/j.hss.20261402.25
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Views:
Abstract: The rapid advancement of cultural digitalization has positioned artificial intelligence as a key driver of change in cultural heritage conservation, promoting a shift from traditional physical preservation to more digital and intelligent approaches. As primary institutions for regional heritage conservation and public cultural services, local museums face multiple challenges in this process, including limited technical capacity for artifact preservation, insufficient exploration of cultural value, weak public engagement, and fragmented resource integration. To address these issues, a systematic review of the literature is conducted to develop a three-dimensional analytical framework encompassing physical preservation, cultural information mining, and public value dissemination. Taking Baoshan Museum as a case study, case-based analysis and practical synthesis are employed to examine its current constraints and emerging development needs in cultural heritage conservation. Building upon this analysis, the study proposes a set of AI-enabled technological applications, including high-precision digital acquisition, preventive intelligent monitoring, the construction of cultural heritage knowledge graphs, and immersive exhibition technologies. Furthermore, it establishes an integrated practical framework that combines preventive conservation, data-driven research, and intelligent communication. Finally, the study advances targeted optimization strategies from three aspects: the standardization of data resources, the development of interdisciplinary talent and institutional support mechanisms, and the promotion of social sharing. These efforts aim to provide a practical reference for enhancing the capacity of local museums in cultural heritage preservation and utilization.
Abstract: The rapid advancement of cultural digitalization has positioned artificial intelligence as a key driver of change in cultural heritage conservation, promoting a shift from traditional physical preservation to more digital and intelligent approaches. As primary institutions for regional heritage conservation and public cultural services, local museu...
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Research Article
Artificial Intelligence, the Theory of Obligations and the Analogical Use of the Roman Servus Institution
Alonso Salinas Garcia*,
Matias Kahn Aranguiz
Issue:
Volume 14, Issue 2, April 2026
Pages:
194-199
Received:
26 March 2026
Accepted:
20 April 2026
Published:
30 April 2026
DOI:
10.11648/j.hss.20261402.26
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Abstract: This article analyzes the legal challenges posed by artificial intelligence (AI) within the framework of general contract law, given that it lacks the essential characteristic required for the attribution of liability: the will, which is inherently human. Following the jurist Dr. Carlos Amunátegui Perelló, the solution to this difficulty is proposed to be the analogous application of the status of the Roman slave, which would allow for the easy regulation of contemporary artificial agents. Various Roman institutions are examined, such as the actiones adiectitiae qualitatis (actio quod iussum, exercitoria, institoria), noxal actions, the actio de pauperie, the peculium, and the actio in rem verso, all of which aim to establish contractual and extracontractual liability for the actions of entities lacking legal personality, with the goal of analogously applying these concepts to artificial agents—entities that can make decisions while being things and lacking the attributes of personality, and thus, ultimately, not being persons. Thus, it is concluded that an analogical use to the Roman servus is necessary in order to integrate AI into the theory of obligations in an organic and efficient manner, while respecting the ontological limits of human personhood, without fictitiously attributing solutions or assumptions incompatible with the artificial agent’s status as a thing.
Abstract: This article analyzes the legal challenges posed by artificial intelligence (AI) within the framework of general contract law, given that it lacks the essential characteristic required for the attribution of liability: the will, which is inherently human. Following the jurist Dr. Carlos Amunátegui Perelló, the solution to this difficulty is propose...
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